柴玲（1966年4月15日－），中国山东省日照市人，备受争议的著名异见人士。1987年毕业于北京大学心理系，入北京师范大学儿童心理研究所攻读硕士学位。六四事件期间，她是绝食发起者之一，并担任天安门广场绝食团、保卫天安门广场指挥部总指挥，曾与另一位学生领袖封从德为夫妻关系。六四事件后，被中华人民共和国政府通缉。于1990年4月经香港离开中国大陆，十个月后抵达法国巴黎。随后与封从德离婚，到美国求学，后与美国人罗拔·马丁（Robert Maginn）结婚。1993年获普林斯顿大学国际关系与政治学硕士学位，随后在波士顿Bain & Company任职，1996年入读哈佛大学商学院，1998年取得工商管理硕士学位。同年与其丈夫共同创办一家电脑公司Jenzabar, Inc，任总裁至今[1][2]。
在六四事件中的表现与评价
主条目：六四事件
柴玲是1989年六四天安门事件中的学生领袖。她在该运动中的表现受到极大争议。一方面，她的言语颇具感染力，多次提出激进的抗议做法（诸如绝食、自焚）；另一方面，有批评者认为她在抗议取得一些成效后（学运后期政府颁布戒严令后北京市民、工人和学生曾成功劝阻戒严军队入京）坚持继续占据天安门广场，斥责返校学生为一小撮投降变节派，并坚决捍卫自己的 “保卫天安门广场指挥部总指挥”职务以博得国际舆论的关注，接受采访时坚称需要用生命和鲜血逼迫政府对学生动用武力，自己却因上政府黑名单准备出逃国外[3]。种种行为以至于她的行为动机和个人品质受到怀疑。
她在5月28日接受美国记者飞利浦·康宁汉（Philip Cunningham，汉名“金培力”）采访时嘶哑着喉咙声泪俱下地说：“觉得为中国人去奋斗不值得。”
下一步作为我个人，我愿意求生下去。广场上的同学，我想只能是坚持到底，等待政府狗急跳墙的时候血洗。不过我相信一场大革命很快就会到来——要是它采取下策的话。即使不采取下策，保存一些火种和力量，在下一次运动中我们一定会站出来……”[4]
她的这种说法被人解释为“让别人流血，自己逃生”[5]。另外，根据侯德健、郑义和封从德等人的访谈所言，五月底柴玲领了救济款出走去“传播革命火种”了[6]。不过，根据《天安门》记录片里侯德健、封从德及刘晓波等人的访谈显示，当夜天安门开始清场时，柴玲也在广场上[7]。
在这一个采访当中柴玲还说道：
同学们老在问，我们下一步要干什么，我们能达到什么要求。我心里觉得很悲哀，我没办法告诉他们，其实我们期待的就是，就是流血。就是让政府最后，无赖至极的时候它用屠刀来对着它的公民。我想，也只有广场血流成河的时候，全中国的人才能真正擦亮眼睛。（哭）他们真正才能团结起来。但是这种话怎么能跟同学们说？尤其可悲的是，有一些同学，有一些什么上层人士，什么什么人物名流，他们居然为了达到个人的目的，完成自己的一些交易，拼命地在做这个工作，就是帮助政府，或者不让政府采取这种措施，而在政府最终狗急跳墙之前把我们瓦解掉，分化掉，让我们撤离广场[4]。
她的这些说法和她本人也曾引起很大争议。六四事件发生当日，由于中国政府刻意封锁消息，国外无法了解清场时的状况。[来源请求]6月8日她录了一盒长达35分钟的录音带，两天后传到香港，并于无线电视播出；她说曾见解放军在广场向纪念碑开枪，提到坦克施放毒气并追压撤退学生。以下节录其中三段内容：[8]
“……我是柴玲，保卫天安门指挥部总指挥，我还活着。关于自六月二号到六月四号，这段时间整个广场的情况，我想我是最有资格的评论家，我也有责任把事实的真相告诉大家，告诉每一个同胞，每一个中国的公民。[9]”“……可是，（哭）可是，我们事后才知道，仍然有些同学，他们对这个政府对这支军队还抱有希望，他们以为顶多是军队把大家强行的架走，他们太疲劳了，还在帐篷里酣睡的时候坦克已经把他们辗成了肉饼。有人说同学死了两百多，也有人讲整个广场已经死了四千多，具体的数字，到现在我也不知道。但是在广场最外层的工人自治会的人，他们统统都死了，他们最少有二、三十个人。听说在同学们打算撤离的时候，这些坦克、这些装甲车把帐蓬，洒了汽油，还有同学们的尸体，统统都焚烧了。往后就用清水去洒地，广场就不留一点痕迹。[10]”“…… 越是法西斯丧心病狂的镇压的时候，那么，一个真正的、人民的、民主的共和国，也就要诞生了。民族存亡最后的关头已经到来了，同胞们，每一个有良心的，公民们，每一个中国人，觉醒起来吧！最终的胜利一定是人民的。以杨尚昆、李鹏、王震、薄一波为首的伪中央，灭亡的日子不远了，打倒法西斯！打倒军人统治！人民必胜！共和国，万岁！[11]”
以上三段内容在《天安门》内也有节录，但却对第三段内容进行大量剪辑，例如把“以杨尚昆、李鹏、王震、薄一波为首的伪中央，灭亡的日子不远了”这重点删掉。至于柴玲第二段内容，《天安门》以侯德健的访问内容作对比。侯德健在接受《天安门》访问时说[12]，他留守至6时半，但在广场上没有看见这情况，批评如果我们真的需要用谎言去打击说谎的敌人，也许你的谎言会先被揭穿。另外，根据解放军总政治部的官方录像片段，经侯德健劝吁下，学生最后完全撤出广场[13]。这片段与侯德健的说法颇吻合。柴玲事后则指她是“听说”有这情况。柴玲于1997年5月下旬曾到香港。接受传媒访问时，她强调自己一直在天安门广场留守至6月4日凌晨，对于录音带中表示“坦克车辗过学生身驱”，她却又解释说“被告知有关情况”，[来源请求]亦间接承认并未亲眼看见。
事后，中国政府一直认为她和其他的学生领袖的煽动是该学生运动自5月之后未能得以缓和的根本原因。同时她在运动后期（5月下旬之后）的所做所为客观上导致了大量学生滞留广场无辜受害。[14]有报导称，柴玲曾在1989年和1990年获诺贝尔和平奖提名，但未有获奖。[15]。
2009年 6月初，为纪念六四事件20周年，柴玲宣布捐款百万美元支持中国民主运动[16]。她说““20年过去了，我感觉到了我公开宣布支持民主之承诺的时候了，以此说明我们从来没有忘记，永远不会忘记，我们要继续为和平、自由的中国而努力，希望更多人加入我们的行列。” ”
[编辑] 《天安门》诉讼事件
2007年，担任Jenzabar公司总裁的柴玲起诉介绍六四事件的《天安门》纪录片制片人卡玛，起诉理由是损害名誉和商标侵权。因美国法院已经不再受理“损害名誉”的起诉，故柴玲以“商标侵权”为由起诉。有评论认为，柴玲因天安门纪录片播放对她不利的几个电影片断而怀恨在心，故以“商标侵权”起诉卡玛的公司，真正目的不是商标而是报复，属于《美国侵权行为法》的第三种恶意诉讼。[17]
目前，卡玛的长弓公司发起呼吁，希望社会能对柴玲的报复性骚扰诉讼给予关注。[18]
同时,柴玲的前夫封从德发布公开信,谴责《天安门》制片人丑化柴玲，信中指责《天安门》将柴玲的“其实我们期待的就是，就是流血”中的‘期待’翻译成为“hope for”，让人误认为认为柴玲期待中共屠杀学生。[19]张鹤慈认为，柴玲期待屠杀并非是《天安门》将她的‘期待’翻译成英语之后才造成的，而是柴玲本来就是用了‘期待’二字。[20]
Chai Ling (Chinese: 柴玲; Pinyin: Chái Líng) (born April 15, 1966 in Rizhao, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China) was one of the student leaders in the Tian'anmen Square protests of 1989.
Chai Ling emerged as one of the student leaders on the Square at a later stage of the movement. She has been nominated twice for the Nobel Peace Prize[1][2]. Chai Ling along with other student leaders such as Wuerkaixi and Wang Dan "led six weeks of protests." The movement was the biggest threat ever to Communist Party rule."[2]
She organized many of the hunger strikes during demonstrations[3]. She was known as the "general commander" during the student protests and was then listed as one of the 21 most wanted students by the Chinese government after the military crackdown[4]. Chai Ling is still active in discussing China and the democracy movement as she gives speeches talking about her experience[5]. According to the Associated Press on June 2, 2009, the eve of the 20th Anniversary of the Chinese government's crack down, Chai Ling issued a statement calling for the release of political prisoners in China[6].
Chai Ling was on the wanted list by the Chinese government. She fled from China in April 1990, with the help of Hong Kong-funded organizations. After 10 months of hiding, she settled in Paris, France, were she then accepted a full scholarship to Princeton University. She later received an honorary Masters degree in Political Science from Princeton University. After this, she served as a junior consultant at Bain & Co., a leading strategic consulting firm, during 1993-1996 in its Boston office. Then she moved on to acquire an MBA at Harvard Business School in 1998.[7]
She runs a software company with her current husband, Robert A. Maginn Jr., who was the vice president and partner of the Boston office of Bain & Co. Maginn was instrumental in the hiring of Chai into Bain, a controversial move fiercely opposed by Bain's Asian partners for the fear of provoking the Chinese government.[citation needed] They now co-run the software company Jenzabar. Chai and Maginn Jr. were sued by five former executives and Harvard Business School for misrepresenting their involvement and association with the business school. These issues have been resolved since 2000[8].
Documentary dispute
The documentary Gate of Heavenly Peace contains footage, dated May 28, 1989, in which Chai says to American journalist Philip Cunningham:
"The students kept asking, 'What should we do next? What can we accomplish?' I feel so sad, because how can I tell them that what we are actually hoping for is bloodshed, for the moment when the government has no choice but to brazenly butcher us. Only when the Square is awash with blood will the people of China open their eyes. Only then will they really be united. But how can I explain this to my fellow students? And what is truly sad is that some students, and famous well-connected people, are working hard to help the government, to prevent it from taking such measures. For the sake of their selfish interests and their private dealings they are trying to cause our movement to collapse and get us out of the Square before the government becomes so desperate that it takes action." This gave rise to the public perception that the student leaders were making use of the students' lives and well-being to further their personal careers and financial interests.[1]
Chai claims that she was misquoted in that documentary[15]. In a letter in her defense submitted to the creators of The Gate of Heavenly Peace, a group of students also involved in the 1989 protests in Beijing say that filmmakers and other critics used "selective quotes and interpretive and erroneous translation" in their portrayal of Ling, and that she and the other student leaders remained united right up until the end of the protest when they fled the Square in the last hour[16].
Chai and her firm have launched multiple lawsuits against the non-profit organization that created this film. An initial suit, in which Chai alleged defamation, has been dismissed. An additional ongoing suit claims that the organization infringed upon Jenzabar's copyright by mentioning the firm's name on its website. The filmmakers believe that the firm's intention is to bankrupt them through legal costs, irrespective of the merits of the cases.[17] Columnists for the Boston Globe and the New Yorker have argued that this represents a surprisingly undemocratic action by a leader of China's 1989 protests.[18] [19]
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