黄琦（1963年4月7日－），网名难博，中国四川人，与其妻曾丽同为“六四天网”网站创办人，是中国互联网早期因网络言论入狱的公民。
黄琦毕业于四川大学无线电子系，1998年成立了“天网寻人事务所”，1999年设立“天网”网站。
由于网站同时还登载各种批评时政的文章，引发中国当局的关注。2000年2月，原四川省国安人员卜列平等人到天网寻人事务所与黄琦发生冲突，黄被打伤。这一事件引发极大反响，随后中国当局查封了天网网站。4月15日，在一家美国网络服务提供商的帮助下，天网网站重新开张。由于以后天网在时政与公共评论中的声音越来越尖锐，2000年6月3日即六四事件十一周年纪念日的前一天，黄琦被警察逮捕。[1]在被捕近三年后，2003年5月9日，成都市中级人民法院以煽动颠覆国家政权罪，判处黄琦有期徒刑5年[1]。黄琦被捕后，引起世界广泛关注，美国政府及数百家国际组织抗议中国大陆对黄琦的迫害。中国国内民间对司法裁定有巨大的争议和质疑，认为事实和证据都不能成立，并认为这是当局一直拖到近三年后才判刑的原因。2004年6月国际人权组织无国界记者和法兰西基金会授予黄琦“第2届互联网自由奖”。[2]2005年6月4日，黄琦刑满获释。[3]
2006年4月28日，六四天网公布了中国第一个八九死难者索赔初步成功的消息。[4]12月31日，黄琦改组六四天网为中国天网人权事务中心，创办了中国大陆第一家综合性人权组织。[5]6月3日，获第六届中国人权青年奖。[6]
2007年1月26日，成立中国天网人权事务中心丹麦联络处。[7]2007年6月，中国天网人权事务中心在美国成功注册。
2007年2月，黄琦获赫尔曼·哈米特奖。[8]
2008年中国汶川大地震后，黄琦积极参与救灾活动，同时为地震中死亡学生的家长提供帮助，而且在网上撰文揭露“豆腐渣”工程。6月10日晚，黄琦和天网人权事务中心两名工作人员吃饭时被几名身份不明的人强行塞进一辆汽车带走。6月16日上午，黄琦母亲浦文清收到了其以“非法持有国家机密”受到刑事拘留的通知书。[9]7月，黄琦以非法持有国家机密罪名被正式起诉。[10]2009年11月23日成都市武侯区法院对黄琦案进行了宣判，法院以“非法持有国家机密文件罪”，判处黄琦有期徒刑三年。[11]
12月5日，魏京生基金会将第六届“中国民主斗士奖”颁给尚在狱中的黄琦和杨天水。
Huang Qi (Chinese: 黃琦; pinyin: Huáng Qí) is a Chinese webmaster and human rights activist. He is the co-founder of Tianwang Center for Missing Persons (later renamed to Tianwang Human Rights Center),[1] along with his wife Zeng Li. Initially the mission of the organization was to help counter human trafficking that had become a swelling problem in the late 1990s, but later it was expanded to include campaign against human rights abuse. Huang is also the owner and webmaster of 64tianwang.com, a website originally intended to release news about people who had disappeared in the People's Republic of China.
Huang was imprisoned by the government from June 2000 to June 2005 and again arrested in July 2008 for "illegal possession of state secrets" after he helped the victims of the Sichuan earthquake.[2] In November 2009 he was sentenced to three years of imprisonment.[3] Amnesty International described him as a victim of vague state secrets laws.[4]
Website
Huang and his wife, Zeng Li, from Chengdu in Sichuan, set up the website www.64tianwang.com in June 1998 to track cases of human trafficking by posting information about missing people. Huang managed the site, helped to decide on its content, and actively investigated cases, ultimately aiding in the rescue of several trafficked girls. He continued to post articles exposing cases of people exploited by government officials until late 2000; this included the custodial death of a 15-year-old boy and another case of a follower of Falun Gong. The police tried to shut down his website, but Huang moved his website to servers in the United States.
Huang was arrested in late 2000 under the charges of "inciting subversion" and sentenced to five years in prison. Soon after his release in 2005, he resumed posting similar content on his website as he did before the arrest, until June 2008, when he was arrested again under the charges of "illegal possession of state secrets" after he posted an article on behalf of parents of school children who had died in the 2008 Sichuan earthquake, demanding an investigation into the schools’ construction.[1]
Reporters Without Borders awarded its Cyber-Freedom Prize to Huang Qi in 2004.[2]
[edit] Imprisonment
[edit] Early 2000s
Huang was arrested on June 3, 2000—the day before the 11th anniversary of the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests of 1989—accused of posting on his website articles about the protests written by dissidents living abroad.[2] The website was used by the independence movement in the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region and the Falun Gong.
He was jailed in July 2000 at the Detention Center No. 1 in Chengdu. Former cellmates said he was beaten regularly and denied medicine he needed. Huang was ultimately tried for "subversion" in August 2001. He was charged under articles 103, 105, 55 and 56 of the Criminal Law and tried in secret by the Chengdu Intermediate Court in August 2001.[5] He was detained without sentencing until May 9, 2003, when he was sentenced to five years in prison.
On June 4, 2005, Huang Qi was released from jail after completing his sentence. He told Radio Free Asia that he wanted to resume his web site dedicated to the memory of the 1989 Tiananmen Square crackdown. "I will do my best to resume the Tianwang Web site. When it was first created it was for very few people. But I now realize that there are many like-minded people," he said.[6]
[edit] Sichuan earthquake affair
After the 2008 Sichuan earthquake, he assisted in relief work and also responded to some parents' requests for assistance in their questions and complaints concerning the collapse of school buildings. Huang posted their demands as an article on his website. A week later, on June 10, plain-clothed policemen arrested him in Chengdu and held him "on suspicion of illegally possessing state secrets", an ill-defined charge often used by the Chinese government to clamp down on dissent.[1][7] A formal announcement of his arrest was made on July 18, 2008.[8] He was sentenced to three years of imprisonment in November 2009 based on the discovery of two city-level documents in his house.[9] The court was heavily guarded by police with only Huang's wife and mother allowed to enter, Huang's lawyers were unable to attend because of short notice given.[9] Huang is expected to appeal against the verdict and has been refused bail.[7][9]
Human Rights organizations condemned the verdict and "inhumane treatment" of Huang in prison.[3] Amnesty International alleges that during his detention Huang was interrogated for long periods and subject to sleep deprivation.[9] Huang's family have said that his health has deteriorated rapidly in detention and that he has not received adequate medical care.[9] One of his lawyers has stated that he has been diagnosed with two tumours, one in the stomach and one in the chest, during his period in detention.[9] Earlier on November 7, the U.S. House of Representatives had passed a near-unanimous resolution seeking freedom of activists Huang Qi and Tan Zuoren.[10]
Following Huang's imprisonment, fellow human rights activist and pundit Liu Dan authored a piece on Huang's Tianwang website condemning Chinese President Hu Jintao's Harmonious Society ideology, saying that it was a "sham" in the face of Huang Qi's sentencing. Liu wrote that Hu's administration silences anyone whose opinions differ from the party line, whether that opinion is coming from external elements (censorship of dissidents), foreign elements (deletion of U.S. President Barack Obama's town-hall meeting from news items), or within the Chinese political system itself (removal of Premier Wen Jiabao's calls for greater freedoms in Xinhua publications).[11]
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