吴弘达（Harry Wu，1937年—）是中华人民共和国建国后的人权、社会活动人士之一，现已移居美国，他在中国期间曾被政府当局关押劳改营达19年。
吴弘达出生于上海一个富裕家庭，父亲为一名银行家，母亲则为一名地主。在经历国共内战后的1949年，他选择留在中国大陆。在中国共产党上台后，他的家庭也起了变化，其资产给共产政府没收，并需把钢琴变卖。
吴曾于北京地质学院就读，在建国初期的“百花齐放”时期中，他因为批评当时的中共，而于1956年因言获罪被判入狱，1960年被打成反革命份子并投进劳改营，在19年的时间，他曾在12个不同营中当苦役，包括煤矿、建筑道路、耕作等，他往后表示曾遭当局人员毒打、虐待，以及濒临饿死边缘，并见证过其他被囚者的同等遭遇，也有人因此而自杀。
在毛泽东死后，吴弘达于1979年被释放，并移民往美国，先在柏克莱加州大学出任地质学客席教授，及后开始撰写他在中国的遭遇，至1992年离职，并成为人权活动人士，讲述中国在人权上真实的一面。他成立了劳改基金会（Laogai Research Foundation），一个非牟利的研究及公众教育机构，这个机构也成为研究中国劳改制度问题上的先驱及权威。此外，吴曾向多名美国国会议员、以及英国、德国、澳大利亚、欧洲议会、联合国等就中国人权问题上作证。
1995年，吴弘达以美国公民的身份，持有效及合法的证件进入中国大陆，但旋即被捕及关押，在66天后作公开审讯，其罪名是“窃取国家机密”，判刑15年，但不久即被驱逐出境，得以返美。
2002年4月，吴应邀出席香港外国记者协会的研讨会，但被香港入境处拒绝入境，美国国务院及驻港领事馆一度关注有美国公民被拒入境。
吴弘达现为劳改基金会及中国信息中心的执行主任，其总部设在华盛顿，资金方面则来自全国民主基金会。
[编辑] 吴弘达与《关于中国摘取死囚器官的调查报告》
2006年7月，吴弘达对法轮功媒体有关苏家屯活体摘取法轮功学员器官的报道进行了详细的研究，并且发表了长篇报告，其中对法轮功媒体的报道的真实性提出了质疑：
* “……法轮功的报告没有一个直接的相关的证人——没有操作的医生或其他医务人员。他们提出的一份电话记录上有一个所谓的医务人员，可这一个证人到底是谁，处在一个什么样的状态，这些我们都不清楚。从病人来说，他们都被‘处理’掉了，被烧掉了。没有名，也没有姓，而且几千个人都没有家属，这也是很奇怪的一点。……四五千人，每个人都有五六件器官可以移植，一共几万件器官可以卖钱。这些器官最终都需要受惠者。在这些人中哪怕有百分之一的人站出来表示自己接受法轮功学员的器官，也有几百人。可这都没有相关的可靠的报道……”
* ……法轮功代表承认苏家屯集中营的证据目前尚不充足，但是他们坚信苏家屯集中营是存在的，报导是真实的，他们正在深入收集相关证据。他们的推理是：中共是残暴政权，任何暴行他们都会做，所以不应怀疑苏家屯事件……
* 吴弘达并且质疑消息编造者的意图：“我认为，法轮功学徒有信仰的权利。我坚决支持法轮功坚持他们的信仰，保护自己的权利。但是，他们不能夸大或者颠倒事实。不能将十说成百。这样的做法是不对的。”
* ……关押6000余人的苏家屯集中营并不存在，4500人规模的活体器官摘除理论上不成立，技术上不可行，……“中共盗摘法轮功学员的器官出口至泰国及其它国家”的报导，完全不可信……因为泰国法律明文禁止器官进口。
* ……基于以上诸点原因，我对“苏家屯集中营”的报道持怀疑态度。我并且质疑消息编造者的意图。
吴弘达对法轮功提出的批评受到了不解，甚至招致了法轮功媒体的谩骂。将其称为“中共的党魁”。
对于法轮功媒体的谩骂，吴弘达反映如下：
“……这是法轮功一种很简单对中共进行反抗的做法。的确中共的一些做法是很粗暴的，很野蛮的。但是也不是说每一个死刑犯都可以被摘取器官，他还是有相关规定……”
[编辑] 著作
* 中国的古拉格：大陆劳改队及奴工产品真相 (ISBN 9571303836)
* 一个人的两个故事 (ISBN 1931550875)
* 劳动教养和留场就业 (ISBN 1931550557)
* 国策下的国难：中国计划生育政策评析 (ISBN 1931550425)
* 共产党的慈善事业：关于中国摘取死囚器官调查报告 (劳改基金会, 2002年, ISBN 1931550093)
* Troublemaker : one man's crusade against China's cruelty (ISBN 0701165774)
* Bitter winds : a memoir of my years in China's Gulag (ISBN 0471556459)
Harry Wu (born 1937; Chinese: 吳弘達, Wu Hongda) is an activist for human rights in the People's Republic of China. Now a resident and citizen of the United States, Wu spent 19 years in Chinese labor camps, for which he popularized the term laogai. In 1996 the Columbia Human Rights Law Review awarded Wu its second Award for Leadership in Human Rights.
Wu was born in Shanghai. He came from a wealthy family; his father was a banker, and his mother was descended from landlords. He recalls his childhood as being one of "peace and pleasure" but that these fortunes changed after the end of the Chinese Civil War in 1949: "During my teen-age years, my father lost all his properties. We had money problems. The government took over all the property in the country. We even had to sell my piano[2]."
Wu studied at the Geology Institute in Beijing, where he was first arrested in 1956 for criticizing the Communist Party during the brief period of liberalization in China known as the Hundred Flowers Campaign. He has also claimed that he protested the Soviet invasion of Hungary in 1956. In 1960 he was sent to the laogai ("reform through labor"), the Chinese labor camp system, as a "counterrevolutionary rightist."[3] He was imprisoned for 19 years in 12 different camps[3] mining coal, building roads, clearing land, and planting and harvesting crops. According to his own accounts, he was beaten, tortured and nearly starved to death, and witnessed the deaths of many other prisoners from brutality, starvation, and suicide.[citation needed]
Released in 1979 in the liberalization which followed the death of Mao Zedong, Wu left China and went to the United States, where he became a visiting professor. There he began writing about his experiences in China. In 1992 he resigned his academic post and became a human rights activist. He established the Laogai Research Foundation, a non-profit research and public education organization which was financed by the AFL-CIO and in fact was based there in the early years. The work of the foundation is recognized as a leading source of information on China's labor camps, and was instrumental in proving that organs of executed criminals were used for organ transplants.[4].
In 1995 Wu, by then a U.S. citizen, was arrested as he tried to enter China with valid, legal documentation. He was held by the Chinese government for 66 days before he was convicted in a show trial for "stealing state secrets." He was sentenced to 15 years in prison, but was instead immediately deported from China. He attributes his release to an international campaign launched on his behalf.[5]
He was awarded the Courage of Conscience Award by the Peace Abbey in Sherborn, Massachusetts, on September 14, 1995 for his extraordinary sacrifices and commitment to exposing human rights violations in his motherland China.[6]
In November 2008, Wu opened the Laogai Museum in Washington, D.C., calling it the first ever United States museum to directly address human rights in China.[5][7][8]
[edit] Recognition
Wu received the Freedom Award from the Hungarian Freedom Fighters' Federation in 1991. In 1994 he received the first Martin Ennals Award for Human Rights Defenders. In 1996, he was awarded the Medal of Freedom from the Dutch World War II Resistance Foundation. He also received honorary degrees from St. Louis University and the American University of Paris in 1996.
Wu is currently the Executive Director of the Laogai Research Foundation and the China Information Center. He is also a member of the International Council of the New York-based Human Rights Foundation.
[edit] Other
In 2007, Wu recently criticized the selection of a Chinese sculptor, Lei Yixin, as the lead sculptor for the Martin Luther King, Jr. National Memorial based on the fact that Mr. Lei had also carved statues celebrating Mao Zedong. [9]
Wu also wrote a response to Simon Wiesenthal's book The Sunflower. Wu briefly recounts his story while imprisoned, and responds to the question posed at the end of the book.
[edit] Books
* Laogai: The Chinese Gulag (1991), the first full account of the Chinese labor camp system.
* Bitter Winds (1994), a memoir of his time in the camps.
* Troublemaker (1996), an account of Wu's clandestine trips to China and his detention in 1995.
* New Ghosts, Old Ghosts, Prisons and Labor Reform Camps in China (1999), by James Seymour and Richard Anderson
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