杨建利（1963年－），中国持不同政见者。
杨建利祖籍山东，毕业于北京师范大学数学系，曾参与八九民运，其后移居美国，并取得两个哲学博士学位，分别为哈佛大学的政治经济学博士及柏克莱加州大学的数学博士。杨创立了二十一世纪中国基金会。他曾经出任中国民联阵副主席、二十一世纪中国基金会会长等职务。由于他经常批评中国大陆政府，因此被中共政府列入拒绝入境的四十九人黑名单中，拒发新护照，禁止入境。
2002年4月，杨使用友人护照进入中国大陆（非法），以考察中国东北部出现下岗工人的大规模工潮。他在准备从昆明乘坐内陆机前往云南大理市时被捕，由于他涉嫌非法入境，同时也违反当地法律及国际法，因此“现在自由”组织无法营救。在关押期间，当局不许其妻子及儿女探望杨建利，只能关注杨在狱中的健康状况。
2004年5月13日，杨建利被裁定犯有间谍罪及非法入境罪，判处五年徒刑。
2007年4月27日，杨建利被中国政府释放。但官方一直拒绝退还其美国护照。杨的妻子傅湘7月26日致函中共领导人胡锦涛，恳请早日准许其离境。8月17日，北京官方通知杨第二天即可返美。18日，杨建利被北京公安局送上飞机，美国驻华大使馆官员在其返美途中全程陪同。据路透社报道，美国总统布什、副总统切尼、国务卿赖斯及美国国会在此之前一直呼吁胡锦涛释放杨建利。
Yang Jianli (simplified Chinese: 杨建利; traditional Chinese: 楊建利; pinyin: Yáng Jiànlì; b. Shandong, China, 1963) is a Chinese dissident with U.S. residency.
Yang, a Tiananmen Square activist in 1989, came to the United States, earned two Ph.D.s (Ph.D., Political Economy, Harvard University and Ph.D. Mathematics, University of California, Berkeley), and then founded the Foundation for China in the 21st Century. Given his political activism, he was blacklisted by the government of the People's Republic of China, who also refused to renew his passport.
Yang Jianli 杨建利
Yang returned to China in April 2002 on a friend's passport to view labor unrest in northeast China. He was detained when trying to board an internal flight. Although Freedom Now typically would not take up an illegal entry case, since his initial detention, Yang has been held incommunicado by the Chinese in violation of their own and international law. His wife and children as well as his extended family were denied access to Yang and were justifiably concerned for his health and safety while he languished in prison.
On May 13, 2004, the PRC announced a guilty verdict and sentenced Yang to five years in prison for espionage and illegal entry.
On April 27, 2007, Yang was released from Chinese prison, but was not allowed to leave China. On August 19, 2007, he was finally allowed to return to the United States.
Reminded of his experience with the June 4, Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 for freedom of speech and democracy, Jianli's recent article in the Washington Post shortly after his return to United States reflects his vivid observation of the current situation in Burma spiritually coined as Saffron Revolution, including China's 'parasitic relationship with Burma' and the genuine will of freedom loving intellectuals around the world condemning the current brutal oppressions in Burma.[1]
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