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章伯钧（1895年11月17日－1969年5月17日），安徽桐城人，中国政治家。
1895年11月17日（阴历十月初一），生于安徽桐城后方乡一个地主家庭（祖屋成为现在之育才村章家大屋）。6岁时其父章扬清不幸溺水而亡。与二弟章伯韬、三弟章伯仁由两位叔叔抚养。少年就读桐城中学，1916年考入武昌高等师范学校英文部。1920年毕业后即被聘为安徽宣城师范学校英语教员并升任校长（宣城师范又名安徽省第四师范），因聘恽代英、萧楚女任教，一年被后解职。1922年被安徽省省长许世英所器重，以公费赴德国留学，与朱德、孙炳文同船。入柏林大学哲学系学习黑格尔哲学。1923年经朱德介绍加入中国共产党。1925年初，在柏林还认识邓演达。1926年初回国，任中山大学文学院教授。6月参加北伐，任国民革命军第九军党代表，7月出任国民革命军总司令部政治部宣传科科长。1927年3月，改任农民部兵农联合委员会主席。
1927年8月章伯钧参加南昌起义，任起义军总指挥部政治部副主任，，11月南昌起义失败后，到达香港，从此脱离中共。追随邓演达创建“第三党”（即现在的中国农工民主党）。1933年参加福建事变；事变失败后流亡日本。1935年，从日本回香港，改组“第三党”为中华民族解放行动委员会。1938年任国民参政会参政员，1939年提出过《请结束党治，立施宪政，安定人心，发扬民力而利抗战案》著名提案。1941年3月29日中国民主同盟秘密成立，是五人常务委员会之一员，章兼任组织部长。1945年1月，民族解放行动委员会在重庆创办的《中华论坛》出版，章任主编。1947年2月，中华民族解放行动委员会改名为中国农工民主党，章伯钧被选为中央执行委员会主席。
1949年中华人民共和国建国后曾任全国政协常委、中央人民政府委员，政务院政务委员，中国民主同盟副主席，农工民主党主席，中华人民共和国交通部长，《光明日报》社社长。1957年在“大鸣大放”中提出批评共产党的政治见解，建议实行“两院制”，被指为要搞“政治设计院”。1957年6月8日成为中国头号资产阶级“右派分子”（1957年5月22日《人民日报》发言；因他为右派之首，1980年时没被平反，至今仍被被扣上这帽子）；1958年1月26日，民盟中央宣布撤消章伯钧民盟中央第一副主席兼组织部长的职务，而且他在民盟的历史被刻意淡忘。
被划为右派后，章淡出政治舞台，但仍保留部长级待遇和全国政协常委一职，出入有汽车，跟随有警卫，由于容易受“瞩目”，故渐渐少公开活动；多与右派成员聚会、聚餐；他于1969年5月17日在北京因胃癌病逝。
1985年11月11日，农工民主党中央与民盟中央召开《纪念章伯钧诞辰九十周年座谈会》；1986年5月23日，其珍藏且幸存之330部，共2562册善本藏书由李健生代表捐赠至安徽省图书馆收藏。
Zhang Bojun (Chinese: 章伯钧; November 17, 1895–May 17, 1969) was a Chinese politician and intellectual.
[edit] Biography
Zhang studied philosophy in Germany between 1922-1926, and joined the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) upon becoming a personal friend with Zhu De (Field Marshal and Supreme Military Commander of the New China), his roommate at the time. Zhang left the CCP following the doom of the “August First” military uprising in 1927, and over the years, in collaboration with others, founded the third parties, known today as the Chinese Democratic Party of Peasants and Workers, and the China Democratic League. Before the revolution, Zhang was the dean of a teacher’s college in his home province of Anhui and later an English professor in Zhongshan University (Sun Yet-sen University in Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China).
He was appointed as the vice-Chairman of the 2nd CPPCC, National Committee of the People’s Republic of China 1954–59[1], and Minister of Communications (i.e., Department of Transportation, his title should have been translated as Secretary of Transportation). Vocal during the Hundred Flowers Campaign, Zhang was removed by Mao Zedong from his minister's position and staged as a public enemy during the Anti-Rightist Campaign in 1957, being labeled as ‘China’s number one rightist’[2].
His 10,000-volume family library was destroyed during the Cultural Revolution in the 1960s [3]. His daughter, Zhang Yihe, is a writer with censored History books[4]. Even several years after his death, Chinese communists still criticised him and defended the CCP’s actions[5].
With his political ambitions unfulfilled and reform goals unaccomplished, Zhang lived a Renaissance man’s life in his private library of ancient books and art relics after his removal from the many positions he once held. At least until the Cultural Revolution he could retreat to this last sanctuary to reflect back on his journey from an early member of the CCP and a leader in the “August First” military uprising (1927), to a high-impact power broker between the CCP and all third-party political forces (late 1940’s), and on to an enthusiast of the New China. He was once offered by the central government to live in exile abroad with state funding, but Zhang rejected the offer, and said “Please convey to Chairman Mao, Zhang Bojun was born on this land, and he will die on this land”, quoted in his daughter’s best seller of 2004, unofficial biographies of friends and associates of Zhang and family. Also quoted in his daughter’s best seller was Zhang’s own personal motto: “I do not judge myself by the honors I hold or by the indignities forced upon me, nor do I judge others by their successes and failures in life.” Taking great personal pride in his contributions to the founding of the new People's Republic, Zhang rose early on October 1 of every year to prepare for the celebration of the new republic's birthday, dressing up very meticulously for the occasion. He kept on this practice and the spirit even after he was stripped of all of his titles.
Zhang died of stomach cancer and the family believed that depression as a result of his political downfall may have contributed to the deterioration of his health.
To his consolation in a poetic sense, in the TV docu-drama series "The Liberation", made in China to commemorate the 60th Anniversary of the Founding of the new People's Republic, Zhang was portrayed fairly accurately in his activities as a power-broker in the late 1940s, though overall the role was minor.
1895年11月17日（阴历十月初一），生于安徽桐城后方乡一个地主家庭（祖屋成为现在之育才村章家大屋）。6岁时其父章扬清不幸溺水而亡。与二弟章伯韬、三弟章伯仁由两位叔叔抚养。少年就读桐城中学，1916年考入武昌高等师范学校英文部。1920年毕业后即被聘为安徽宣城师范学校英语教员并升任校长（宣城师范又名安徽省第四师范），因聘恽代英、萧楚女任教，一年被后解职。1922年被安徽省省长许世英所器重，以公费赴德国留学，与朱德、孙炳文同船。入柏林大学哲学系学习黑格尔哲学。1923年经朱德介绍加入中国共产党。1925年初，在柏林还认识邓演达。1926年初回国，任中山大学文学院教授。6月参加北伐，任国民革命军第九军党代表，7月出任国民革命军总司令部政治部宣传科科长。1927年3月，改任农民部兵农联合委员会主席。
1927年8月章伯钧参加南昌起义，任起义军总指挥部政治部副主任，，11月南昌起义失败后，到达香港，从此脱离中共。追随邓演达创建“第三党”（即现在的中国农工民主党）。1933年参加福建事变；事变失败后流亡日本。1935年，从日本回香港，改组“第三党”为中华民族解放行动委员会。1938年任国民参政会参政员，1939年提出过《请结束党治，立施宪政，安定人心，发扬民力而利抗战案》著名提案。1941年3月29日中国民主同盟秘密成立，是五人常务委员会之一员，章兼任组织部长。1945年1月，民族解放行动委员会在重庆创办的《中华论坛》出版，章任主编。1947年2月，中华民族解放行动委员会改名为中国农工民主党，章伯钧被选为中央执行委员会主席。
1949年中华人民共和国建国后曾任全国政协常委、中央人民政府委员，政务院政务委员，中国民主同盟副主席，农工民主党主席，中华人民共和国交通部长，《光明日报》社社长。1957年在“大鸣大放”中提出批评共产党的政治见解，建议实行“两院制”，被指为要搞“政治设计院”。1957年6月8日成为中国头号资产阶级“右派分子”（1957年5月22日《人民日报》发言；因他为右派之首，1980年时没被平反，至今仍被被扣上这帽子）；1958年1月26日，民盟中央宣布撤消章伯钧民盟中央第一副主席兼组织部长的职务，而且他在民盟的历史被刻意淡忘。
被划为右派后，章淡出政治舞台，但仍保留部长级待遇和全国政协常委一职，出入有汽车，跟随有警卫，由于容易受“瞩目”，故渐渐少公开活动；多与右派成员聚会、聚餐；他于1969年5月17日在北京因胃癌病逝。
1985年11月11日，农工民主党中央与民盟中央召开《纪念章伯钧诞辰九十周年座谈会》；1986年5月23日，其珍藏且幸存之330部，共2562册善本藏书由李健生代表捐赠至安徽省图书馆收藏。
Zhang Bojun (Chinese: 章伯钧; November 17, 1895–May 17, 1969) was a Chinese politician and intellectual.
[edit] Biography
Zhang studied philosophy in Germany between 1922-1926, and joined the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) upon becoming a personal friend with Zhu De (Field Marshal and Supreme Military Commander of the New China), his roommate at the time. Zhang left the CCP following the doom of the “August First” military uprising in 1927, and over the years, in collaboration with others, founded the third parties, known today as the Chinese Democratic Party of Peasants and Workers, and the China Democratic League. Before the revolution, Zhang was the dean of a teacher’s college in his home province of Anhui and later an English professor in Zhongshan University (Sun Yet-sen University in Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China).
He was appointed as the vice-Chairman of the 2nd CPPCC, National Committee of the People’s Republic of China 1954–59[1], and Minister of Communications (i.e., Department of Transportation, his title should have been translated as Secretary of Transportation). Vocal during the Hundred Flowers Campaign, Zhang was removed by Mao Zedong from his minister's position and staged as a public enemy during the Anti-Rightist Campaign in 1957, being labeled as ‘China’s number one rightist’[2].
His 10,000-volume family library was destroyed during the Cultural Revolution in the 1960s [3]. His daughter, Zhang Yihe, is a writer with censored History books[4]. Even several years after his death, Chinese communists still criticised him and defended the CCP’s actions[5].
With his political ambitions unfulfilled and reform goals unaccomplished, Zhang lived a Renaissance man’s life in his private library of ancient books and art relics after his removal from the many positions he once held. At least until the Cultural Revolution he could retreat to this last sanctuary to reflect back on his journey from an early member of the CCP and a leader in the “August First” military uprising (1927), to a high-impact power broker between the CCP and all third-party political forces (late 1940’s), and on to an enthusiast of the New China. He was once offered by the central government to live in exile abroad with state funding, but Zhang rejected the offer, and said “Please convey to Chairman Mao, Zhang Bojun was born on this land, and he will die on this land”, quoted in his daughter’s best seller of 2004, unofficial biographies of friends and associates of Zhang and family. Also quoted in his daughter’s best seller was Zhang’s own personal motto: “I do not judge myself by the honors I hold or by the indignities forced upon me, nor do I judge others by their successes and failures in life.” Taking great personal pride in his contributions to the founding of the new People's Republic, Zhang rose early on October 1 of every year to prepare for the celebration of the new republic's birthday, dressing up very meticulously for the occasion. He kept on this practice and the spirit even after he was stripped of all of his titles.
Zhang died of stomach cancer and the family believed that depression as a result of his political downfall may have contributed to the deterioration of his health.
To his consolation in a poetic sense, in the TV docu-drama series "The Liberation", made in China to commemorate the 60th Anniversary of the Founding of the new People's Republic, Zhang was portrayed fairly accurately in his activities as a power-broker in the late 1940s, though overall the role was minor.
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